Chapter+4

Sugar Act Mark Up

//Describe what you think is the difference between a **__direct__** and **__indirect__** tax in 1-2 sentences//

I think a direct tax is a tax that everyone must pay,and a tax that is directed to a specific person, and an indirect tax is not as big or important as a direct tax, but still must be payed.I also think an indirect tax is a tax that is not directed to a specific person, but is givin in general.

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 * __Direct Tax definition-__**a tax exacted directly from the persons who will bear the burden of it (without reimbursement to them at the expense of others), as a poll tax, a general property tax, or an income tax. ======

**__Indirect Tax definition-__** a tax levied indirectly, as one levied on commodities before they reach the consumer but ultimately paid by the consumer as part of the market price
1. The rich people were affected more from the stamp act. This is because they used more paper than the poor people. They used it for everything they did, because they all knew how to read and write, while most poor people didn't know how to read or write, so they didn't really need paper. 2.
 * What class of people was more directly affected by the Stamp Act (Rich or poor)? Explain.
 * How did the Stamp Act raise concerns among the colonists about Britain’s right to tax them?

The Stamp act required a government tax stamp on all legal documents, such as contracts and licenses. ||  **// Stamp Act //** ||   ||  **Reason for being levied ** It wasn't fair for the Americans because they were being charged directly. People who the stamp act affected the most ( lawyers, merchants, printers, ministers, and innkeepers) took charge and led public opinion. They held a mock hanging of a dummy representing a stamp agent. In many places people forced stamp agents to resign. || **need stamps: **
 * **Main Idea **
 * **Examples of items that **

Letters packages Newspapers licenses contracts almanacs printed sermons playing cards || **Non-Examples **  ||

Do Now: why did the continental congress meet?

Because they wanted to persuade the king to make changes to their state's laws. John Adams, Samuel Adams, and more wanted to get Massachussetts freedom back, so they had to go to Philedelphia to talk to the king, and tell him he made a big mistake taking away their rights. But they were afraid that the king wasn't going to like or accept what they had to say,because he would kill them.media type="custom" key="7672695"

Do Now 11/30/10

Colonists wouldn't go against their government, because if they lost against them they would get punished severely. The king could kill them or their family, or hurt them.

** Topic: The Second Continental Congress Takes Action Page 115 ** **Directions:** Write the main idea and key details. Highlight key terms ||
 * ** Questions/Comments/Inferences/Connections/Predictions: ** |||| ** Chapter 4: Section 2 **
 * ** The Continental Army was created because the war had already begun and the Congress decided to support the war. **

** Washington was chosen to lead the army because of his skills and experience during the French and Indian war. **

** The Congress wrote the Olive Branch petition because they wanted to make peace with the king and get their rights back. **

** I would have agreed with the Declaration of the Causes/Olive Branch petition because ** ** I would’ve agreed with the Declaration of the Causes because it explained to the King why they were fighting, and gave facts and evidence rather than just begging for mercy. **

** The actions of the Second Continental Congress reflect the delegates' different opinions because **

** Some people didn’t want war, and didn’t want to create a continental army. ** ||||  || **__ CREATING A CONTINENTAL ARMY __** The Congress agreed to support the war, even though it’s members did not agree on the final goal. The Congress made the New England forces the core of a Continental Army.

The Congress chose George Washington to lead the new Army. John Adams suggested George Washington for the position because of his skills and experience as an officer in the French and Indian War.

**__ WAR OR PEACE? __**

A Declaration of Causes- explained why americans were at war.

Olive Branch Petition-begged the king to use his “royal authority and influence” to reach a “happy and permanent reconciliation.”

**__ ACTIONS TAKE BY THE CONGRESS - CHART SUMMARY __**

** 1.Proposed reconciliation with the King. ** ** 2.Continental army ** ** 3. The Declaration of Causes ** ** 4. Continental Currency ** ||
 * ** Main Idea/Summary: ** ||||||||  ||

** The Revolutionary Era ** Primary Source Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved.

** ABOUT THE SOURCE ** Colonial leaders convened the Second Continental Congress in May 1775. A month earlier, the Massachusetts militia had fought British troops at Lexington and Concord. The outbreak of war caused delegates to call for the creation of a colonial army. This raised the question of who would command the army. In the passage below, John Adams describes how the Continental Congress selected a commander-in-chief for the Continental Army.

**// As you read //**// note how the delegates responded to Adams’s nomination of Washington. The following words may be new to you: //** pretensions **, ** approbation ** , ** allude ** , ** countenance ** , ** unanimity **. // You may want to use a dictionary to look them up. //

** George Washington Is Selected ** ** to Command the Colonial Army ** Mr. Hancock himself had an Ambition to be appointed Commander in Chief. Whether he thought, An Election, a Compliment due to him and intended to have the honor of declining it or whether he would have accepted I know not. To the Compliment he had some ** Pretensions **, for at  that time his Exertions, Sacrifices and general Merit in the Cause of his Country, had been incomparably greater than those of Colonel Washington. But the Delicacy of his health, and his entire Want of Experience in actual Service, though an excellent Militia Officer, were decisive Objections to him in my Mind. . . In several Conversations I found more than one very cool about the Appointment of Washington, and particularly Mr. Pendleton was very clear and full against. . . When congress had assembled I rose in my place and in as short a  Speech as the Subject would admit, represented the State of the Colonies, the Uncertainty in the Minds of the People, their great Expectations and Anxiety, the distresses of the Army, the danger of its dissolution, the difficulty of collecting another, and the probability that the British Army would take Advantage of our delays, march out of Boston and spread desolation as far as they could go. I concluded with a Motion in form that Congress would Adopt the Army at Cambridge and appoint a General, that though this was not the proper time to nominate a General, yet as I had reason to believe this was a point of the greatest difficulty, I had not hesitation to declare that I had but one Gentleman in my Mind for that important command, and that was a Gentleman from Virginia who was among Us and very well known to all of Us, a Gentleman whose Skill and Experience as an Officer, whose independent fortune, great Talents and excellent universal Character, would command the ** Approbation ** of all America, and unite the cordial Exertions of all the Colonies better than any other Person in the Union. Mr. Washington, who happened to sit near the Door, as soon as he heard me  ** allude ** to him, from his Usual Modesty darted into the Library Room. Mr. Hancock, who was our President, which gave me an Opportunity to  observe his ** Countenance **, while I was speaking on the State of the Colonies, the Army at Cambridge and the Ennemy, heard me with visible pleasure, but when I came to describe Washington for the Commander, I never remarked a more sudden and sinking Change of Countenance. Mortification and resentment were expressed as forcibly as his Face could exhibit them. Mr. Samuel Adams Seconded the Motion. . . The Subject came under debate and several Gentlemen declared themselves against the Appointment of Mr. Washington, not on Account of any personal Objection against him: but because the Army was all from New England, had a General of their own, appeared to be satisfied with him and had proved themselves able to imprison the British Army in Boston, which was all they expected or desired at that time. Mr. Pendleton of Virginia [and] Mr. Sherman of Connecticutt were very explicit in declaring this Opinion, Mr. Cushing and several others more faintly expressed their Opposition and their fears of discontent in the Army and in New England. . .The Subject was postponed to a future day. In the mean time, pains were taken out of doors to obtain a ** Unanimity **, and the Voices were generally so  clearly in favour of Washington that the dissentient Members were persuaded to withdraw their Opposition, and Mr. Washington was nominated, I believe by Mr. Thomas Johnson of Maryland, unanimously elected, and the Army adopted.

Source: // Diary and Autobiography of John Adams //, Vol. 3

** WHAT DID YOU LEARN? ** 1. Why did John Adams nominate George Washington to command the army? __Because George Washington was a skilled officer, he was healthy, and an experienced Militia officer.__

2. What was John Hancock’s opinion about Adams’s choice? Why did he feel this way? John Hancock showed mortification and resentment. The motion was seconded by Samuel Adams. It wasn't personal, it was just because the people in the army were all from new England and already had a Leader who they didn't think needed to be replaced.

3. Why did several members of the Congress oppose Washington’s nomination? Because they had fears of discontent in the army.

Do Now: 12/8/10

The governments role in my life should be to protect my country, state and city, keep communities safe and clean, create and stick by laws, ect. It's job is to protect our country and make decisions that could effect our country and our people.



This wordle represents the Declaration of Indepenance. The biggest words are the most important and most mentioned in the document. Such words as Laws, States,people, colonies, powers, assent, ect.